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Wrinkle Repair Information - Wrinkle Repair Facts - Wrinkle Repair Products And Treatments
Wrinkle Facts - Wrinkle Information - Wrinkle Treatments
A wrinkle is a ridge or crease of a surface. It usually refers to folds on fabric or clothes, or on the skin of an organism. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of aging processes such as glycation or, temporarily, as the result of prolonged (more than a few minutes) submersion in water.
Treatments and products (including anti-aging creams) promising to reduce, remove or prevent age-related wrinkles is big business in many industrialised countries. Despite great demand, most such products and treatments have not been proven to give lasting or major positive effects. However, some non-invasive treatments (like Botox) can offer significant results in the short-term. Some chemicals commonly used in anti-aging creams, such as Retin-A have been shown to have some effect on skin regeneration and collagen rebuilding.
Exposure to ultraviolet light, UVA or UVB, from sunlight accounts for 90% of the symptoms of premature skin aging. Most of the photoaging effects occur by age 20. The amount of damage to the skin caused by the sun is determined by the total lifetime amount of radiation exposure and the person's pigment protection.
Sunlight damages collagen fibers and causes the accumulation of abnormal elastin. When this sun-induced elastin accumulates, enzymes called metalloproteinases are produced in large quantities. Normally, metalloproteinases remodel sun-injured skin by manufacturing and reforming collagen. However, this process does not always work well and some of the metalloproteinases actually break down collagen. This results in the formation of disorganized collagen fibers known as solar scars. When the skin repeats this imperfect rebuilding process over and over wrinkles develop.
Chronological Aging and Wrinkles
As a person ages the epidermal cells become thinner and less sticky. The thinner cells make the skin look noticeably thinner. The decreased stickiness of the cells decreases the effectiveness of the barrier function allowing moisture to be released instead of being kept in the skin. This causes dryness. The number of epidermal cells decreases by 10% per decade and they divide more slowly as we age making the skin less able to repair itself quickly.

The effects of aging on the dermal layer are significant. Not only does the dermal layer thin, but also less collagen is produced, and the elastin fibers that provide elasticity wear out. These changes in the scaffolding of the skin cause the skin to wrinkle and sag. Also, sebaceous glands get bigger but produce less sebum, and the number of sweat glands decreases. Both of these changes lead to skin dryness.
The rete-ridges of the dermal-epidermal junction flatten out, making the skin more fragile and making it easier for the skin to shear. This process also decreases the amount of nutrients available to the epidermis by decreasing the surface area in contact with the dermis, also interfering with the skin's normal repair process.
In the subcutaneous layer the fat cells get smaller with age. This leads to more noticeable wrinkles and sagging, as the fat cells cannot "fill in" the damage from the other layers.
Free Radicals and Wrinkles
Free radicals are unstable oxygen molecules that have only one electron instead of two. Because electrons are found in pairs the molecule must scavenge other molecules for another electron. When the second molecule looses its electron to the first molecule, it must then find another electron repeating the process. This process can damage cell function and alter genetic material. Free radical damage causes wrinkles by activating the metalloproteinases that break down collagen. There are several factors that start this cascading process including exposure to even small amounts of UV radiation in sunlight, smoking, and exposure to air pollution.

Hormone Effects and Wrinkles
It is likely that there are skin changes as a result of the hormonal effects of menopause or decreased estrogen production. However, studies in humans have not documented which skin changes are specific to decreased estrogen and which skin changes are a result of sun exposure or just normal chronological aging. In animal experiments lack of estrogen can cause a decrease in collagen levels of 2% per year and a decrease in skin thickness of 1% per year.

Muscle Use and Wrinkles
Habitual facial expressions cause the skin to wrinkle as it looses elasticity. Frown lines between the eyebrows and crows feet radiating from the corners of the eyes develop as the tiny muscles in those areas permanently contract.

Gravity and Wrinkles
The effects of gravity make the loosening of the skin more apparent as skin sags more. This causes jowls and drooping eyelids.

Tips to Avoid Wrinkles
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Establish a skin care routine -  good skin care routine will help your skin to retain moisture and elasticity.
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Wear sunscreen - ltraviolet (UV) rays are harmful to the skin. Too much sun will increase the wrinkle process. Also, wear a hat.
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Avoid tanning salons  - on’t assume the tanning salon is safer than exposure to direct sunlight. You are still being exposed to UV rays, and at a higher concentration than direct sunlight.
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Stop smoking - oxins in smoking agents cause skin damage. Research shows that smokers wrinkle at a younger age.
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Avoid weight fluctuations - eight fluctuations causes your skin to stretch and contract. Skin loses its elasticity as you age and can’t bounce back after each fluctuation.
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Drink water - eep your body hydrated. Drinking plenty of water will help flush out toxins.
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Eat right - Good nutrition affects the skin and can have a positive effect on preventing wrinkles.
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Wear sunglasses - earing sunglasses will help you squint less. Squinting creates folds around the eyes that can become permanent.
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Relax your face muscles  - rimacing, furrowing their brows, jaw clenching all contribute to facial wrinkles.
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Get a facial massage -  facial massage will help to keep elasticity in the skin and keep wrinkles and fine lines at bay. A facial massage will stimulate blood flow and circulation in the facial area. Increased blood flow stimulates the skin and helps to keep it renewed and rejuvenated.
Tips to Reduce the Appearance of Wrinkles
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Use an Anti-Wrinkle Cream or Lotion - rinkle creams increase the volume of tissue cells and smoothes out the wrinkle or line. But, wrinkle creams cannot eliminate deep wrinkles.
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Get a Chemical Peel -  chemical peel is a technique designed to remove the dead skin cells from the skin's surface layer and re-stimulate the regenerative process.
Wrinkle Facts - Wrinkle Information - Wrinkle Treatments
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